U.S. Visa Rules: The United States has made its refundable visa bond programme permanent, effective Aug 3, 2026, meaning some applicants for B1 business and B2 tourism visas from 50 countries (including Guinea-Bissau) may be asked to post up to $20,000 before a visa is issued; the bond is refunded if rules are followed and the traveller leaves on time, but forfeited for overstays. ECOWAS Security: Nigeria has deployed 86 troops to Guinea-Bissau for the ECOWAS Stabilisation Support Mission, with commanders urging professionalism, respect for local laws, and zero tolerance for abuse and indiscipline. Maritime Tensions: Reports continue of attacks disrupting shipping in the Black Sea, including claims of strikes affecting vessels near Ukrainian ports and wider concerns about grain and trade routes. Health & Climate: A new study warns climate change is shifting malaria risk, potentially increasing childhood malaria in parts of southern and East Africa while easing pressure in today’s hottest areas. Human Rights Watch: A Senegal street-begging investigation highlights claims that some Qur’anic students are forced to beg for money, with families and authorities implicated in the wider debate.